Apparatus for making gas and coke.



No. 766,555. PATENTF-D AUG. 2, 1904. J. O. H. STUT. APPARATUS FOR MAKINGGAS AND COKE.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 6, 1904.

4 SHEETS-11331 1.

H0 MODEL.

INVENTR,

WH NESSES,

PATENTED AUG. 2, 1904.

J. G. H. STUT. APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS AND 00KB.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2- N0 MODEL.

ifloooooacococlooaoi a Qfl can o o T o 00 aha a a .0

S E S S E N H W No. 766,555. PATENTED- AUG. 2, 1904. J. G .H. STUT.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS AND COKE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6. 1904.

N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES, VEN R.

No. 766,555. PATENTED AUG. 2, 1904. J.- U. H. STUT.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS AND 00KB.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6, 1904.

N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHERYL WITNESSES, INVE TOR,

UNITED STATES Patented August 2, 1904..

PATENT OEEIcE.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS AND COKE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 766,555, dated August2, 1904.

Application filed April 6, 1904. Serial No. 201,861. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN C. H. STUT, a citizen of the United States,residing at Oakland, in the county of Alameda and State of California,have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Making Gasand Coke, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus for manufacturing coke andilluminating-gas. Its object is to provide an apparatus particularlyadapted for the making of gas and coke from crude oil.

In the manufacture of gas from crude oil alone it is essential that theoil sprayed into the ovens should have plenty of space and time in whichto effect a molecular rearrangement of its more volatile portions and toallow the heavier residuum of the oil to settle. It is from the lighterportions of the oil that a large quantity of gas can be made,while theheavier tarry residuum is especially valuable in the manufacture of agood commercial coke.

Under usual practices the oil is sprayed into a highly-heated crampedoven or chamber directly upon or against an incandescent brick surfaceor checker-work, the fallacy being that it is necessary to crack theentire body of oils. The practical resultis that the lighterhydrocarbons, most rich in illuminating power, are converted mainly intolampblack. which is deposited in vast quantities in the carbureters andregenerators and a very poor commercial gas is produced. Furthermore,the impinging of the oil direct on the brickwork is also verydetrimental to the brickwork. From experience it is shown that the verybest tire-brick is soon destroyed and eaten away and has continually tobe rebuilt. Arches,walls, and checker-work crumble rapidly where theintense tlame strikes and impinges against them, incurring thereby greatdelay and expense for stoppages and repair to the ovens and brickwork.

I have designed an apparatus of the connected con tiguous-oven type inwhich the conditions of space and time are provided for and whereby theheat of the ovens may be conserved to the carbureters and regenerators,which permits the quick withdrawal of the coke charge at any time fromeither oven and which is generally of simple and improved construction.

Having reference to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a frontelevation, partly in section, taken on linef r of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is aplan view, partly in section, taken on line 0 (Z of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is anelevation, partly in section, taken on line (2 r it 1/1 of Fig. 2. Fig.A is a section taken on line of Fig. 2. Fig. is a section taken on line(1 7/ of Fig. 1.

A A represent two parallel ovens connectet above the fuel-line at oneend by a large flue 2 and each connecting at the opposite end with anintermediate, individual, and respective carbureter 3 A through passages5 6. The carburetors are filled with the usual brick checker-work 7 andconnect at the bottom through openings 8 with respective regenerators 910, also disposed between the ovens. By arranging the carbureters andregenerators thus between the ovens they receive the benefit of a greatamount of radiated heat therefrom. The regenerators also are filled withchecker-work 11 and each discharge into a single stack 12 common toboth. Each regenerator is provided with a respective stackvalve 13 14and a gas-pipe 15, leading to the scrubbers and collectors. (Not hereshown.)

16 is a gas-valve in each pipe 15.

Air and steam may be admitted into the regenerators through respectivevalved pipes 17 18, and each carburetor is provided with an oil-pipe 19,which may be used in water-gas manufacture when it is desired tocarburetor enrich the gas.

20 represents oven-doors; 21, covered ports for theentry of materialfrom the top into the ovens, and 22 doors leading to the top of theregenerators.

Oil for purposes of heating and gas-making is admitted into oppositeends of each oven through pipes 23. Air to effect combustion of thegases in the ovens is admitted from the sides through the ports 2%,connecting with the valved ducts 2.5. By having the air and oil streamscounter to each other and admitting air practically at all points alongthe inflammable vapor column combustion is greatly assisted and heatingis much more quickly effected.

The hearths 26 are perforate, and the space beneath the hearths isoccupied by aseries of longitudinal parallel supports 27, while on topof each of the hearths rests a removable perforated metal plate 28,supporting a body of coke or coal or preferably a layer 29 of refractoryporous material. I

Air is admitted beneath the hearths and at each end thereof from pipes25, connecting with ducts 25, through boxes 30, having each an openingextending across the ends of the passages between the supports 27.

The admission of air beneath the hearths may be regulated byslide-valves 31 and to ducts 25 by valves 31.

Steam may be admitted beneath each hearth and at opposite ends thereofthrougha pipe 32, having a series of nozzles 33, directing a jet inbetween the several supports 27, whence the steam may pass upwardthrough the hearths and permeable layer, there to contact with thecontained incandescent carbon to become water-gas. The steam-nozzles arepreferably disposed above the air-inlets.

In operation one oven is used alternately withthe other.

To heat up the ovens, assuming the operation to be first from left toright, the gasvalves 16 are closed, as well as stack-valve 14, whilestack-valve 13 is opened. Oil is admitted through pipes 23 at oppositeends of oven A only, some steam being used with the oil to effectatomization. The two streams meet in the middle of the oven, making auniform heat over the whole surface, and intense combustion occurs inthe heating period by this means. Air to support the combustion isadmitted through the regenerator 10 and through the side ports 24 in thebrick wall of oven A. Air in sufiicient quantity only will be admittedfrom underneath the hearth, so as to consume the lighter hyd rocarbonsthat might trickle down with the heavier residue into the refractorymaterial 29, leaving thus the residue to form into coke in and on thisrefractory material.

Of course it is understood that the amount of oil introduced into theovens must be so regulated as to be neither too much nor too little,because if too much it will have such a cooling effect that a largeamount of residue or tar will result with little or no coke. On theother hand, when too little oil is introduced it will be all consumedand no coke will be made.

The quantity of oil to be introduced will depend on the quality of theoil, the amount of heat stored in the ovens, the temperature of theovens, and the amount of air introduced either from above or below thehearths.

Just as the opposed streams of oil above the hearths act to cushion eachother and equally distribute the gases in the ovens, so the air enteringfrom opposite ends beneath the hearths will distribute itself over thesubhearth space, and similarly during the gasmaking period the steamfrom below will evenly distribute itself to pass up through the entirehearth area.

The combustion of the volatile-oil portion in the ovens is assistedgreatly by the method of feeding air in at a number of points in thesides of the ovens, as through the parts 24.

Particularly will it be noted that the oil is not directed upon or intoany brickwork. This is very important, not alone for the heating andcoking period, but also for the gasmaking period, because, as explainedabove, it gives time for the chemical rearrangement of the molecules totake place and effect a perfect combustion of the lighter oils in theheating period and for the heavier residue to become coked in thepermeable layer 29, while this large empty space in the ovens and theDuring the heating period for oven A the oil from the two meetingstreams, with a regulated quantity of air above and below the hearth,will serve to heat up the walls of both ovens and carbureter 3 andregenerator 9. The more volatile and fugitive oils are consumed whilethe heavier residue of the oil drops onto the porous layer 29 andpercolates therein and, as the heat grows intenser, is converted intocoke.

The relatively large and empty oven spaces allow for the rearrangementof the oil molecules, which, as before stated, is so important and whichshould take place both in the heating and gas-making periods. The oil asit comes into the ovens is not acted on by surface or catalytic action.The only part of the oil affected by surface action is the separatedheavier deposited particles, and these are gradually converted intocoke. When a proper degree of heat has been attained in the ovens,carbureter, and regenerator, the stackvalve 13 is closed, also theair-passages in the regenerator 10, and the air-passages above and belowthe hearths, while the gas-valve leading from regenerator 9 to thescrubbers is opened. The apparatus is now ready for the gas-making. Thespraying of the oil in two opposing streams into oven A is continued.The gas now generated from the-lighter hydrocarbons by the radiated heatof the ovenwalls travels from chamber A through the largeconnecting-passage 2 to oven A, thence traversing the length of thelatter passes through the openings 5 into carbureter 3 and regenerator9. It is not until the gas meets the checker-work in the earbureter thatany obstruction is encountered.

The ovens A A and the connecting-passage 2 are all devoid ofbaffle-walls and the like. Consequently they afford the space which isone factor in making oil-gas and oil-coke successfully and economically.Time, the second factor, is provided for in the interval necessary forthe gas to traverse this space. Temperature, the third factor, isregulated according to the nature of the oil used. By this process Imake a large amount of gas from the oil without breaking up too much ofthe lighter oils or hydrocarbons into hydrogen and carbon or so-calledlampblack, which does occur when the oil is sprayed or driven directlyonto hot brick or checker-work, as explained above. The heavier oilsthat are not gasilied in the large space above the refractory materialwill trickle on and into the incandescent coke or refractory material tobe split up subsequently into hydrogen and coke.

In this apparatus the volatile oils and gases do not contact with thebrickwork to any extent until they have traversed both ovens from end toend and come into the carbureters. The result is the molecules of thegreater portion of volatile oil find time to rearrange themselves intomolecules of illuminatinggas in the gas-making period and to becomeentirely consumed in the heating period.

The coke made in the heating period may be utilized, first, by consumingall the coke in the gas-making period in the manufacture of water-gas.To do this, a regulated quantity of steam is admitted from opposite endsbeneath oven A and allowed to pass up through the grate and permeablebody of hot material and coke; second, by building up layers of coke oneafter another in successive heating periods, letting in at such timesonly enough air to generate heat for coking without consuming the coke,until a sufficient Quantity of this coke has accumulated in an oven, towithdraw it from this oven through the doors 20 to be used for anycommercial purpose. As previously described, the permeable layer 29rests on a perforated iron plate, which in turn rests on the perforatedbrickwork or hearth. 'hen this iron plate is drawn out from the oventhrough a door 20, all the material on top of this plate is also drawnout with it, and in this way the coke is recovered from the oven.

After a certain period of gas-making the ovens will cool down to a pointsuch as to require reblasting. \Yhile in the gas-making period thelighter oils will be making illuminating-gas, the heavier oil residueswill be accumulating in the bottom of the oven and will eventually forma considerable layer of uncoked material interpenetrating more or lessthe permeable body 29. This uncoked layer in oven A will be transformedto cokein the heating period subsequent to the next succeeding heatingand gas-making periods in oven A. In practice the ovens are workedalternately. Generally blasting and gas-making will go on in one oven,as A, and then blasting and gas-making in the other oven, or A.

It will be observed that with this oven arrangement the heat and gasesall pass endwise through both ovens, and consequently plenty of time andspace are afforded for the molecular rearrangement hereinbeforementioned. Furthermore, by disposing the carbureters and regeneratorsbetween the ovens, as shown, they receive a great benefit from theradiated heat of the oven-walls and react one upon the other instead ofbeing isolated or far removed from the original source of heat, as inordinary apparatus of this character.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patcut, is

1. In gas-making apparatus, a plurality of contiguous ovens, perforatedhearths therein, means for admitting oil above the hearths from oppositeends of the ovens, means for admitting air or steam or both fromopposite ends of the ovens beneath the hearths, said ovens connected atone end above the hearths and having discharge-passages at the oppositeends, and means whereby the gases generated in one even must traversethe space of the adjoining even before being discharged.

2. In gas-making apparatus, a plurality of contiguous ovens. perforatedhearths therein, means for admitting oil above the hearths from oppositeends of the ovens, means for admitting air or steam or both fromopposite ends of the ovens beneath the hearths, said ovens connected atone end above the hearths and having discbarge-passages at the oppositeends, means whereby the gases generated in one oven must traverse thespace of the adjoining oven before beingdischarged, and respectiveindividual carbureters and regenerators intermediate of the ovens andconnected with said discharge-passages.

3. In gas-making apparatus, a pair of ovens connected by a relativelylarge passage at one end, carbureters and regeneratcrs interme' diate ofsaid ovens and connected with the ovens at the opposite end, perforatedhearths in the ovens and means for admitting oil and air above thehearths and air or steam or both below the hearths.

I. In gas-making apparatus, a pair of ovens connected by a relativelylarge passage at one end, carbureters and regenerators intermediate ofsaid ovens and connected with the ovens at the opposite end, perforatedhearths in the ovens, means for admitting oil and air above the hearthsand air or steam or both below the hearths, and removable perforatedplates on said hearths whereby the solid contents of the ovens may beremoved entire.

5. In gas-making apparatus, a pair of contiguous connected ovens andassociated intermediate respective individual carbureters andregenerators, and means for heating said ovens and causing the gasesgenerated therein to traverse both ovens before discharging into thecarbureters and regenerators.

6. In gas-making apparatus, a pair of contiguous connected ovens andassociated intermediate respective individual carbureters andregenerators. means for heating said ovens and causing the gasesgenerated therein to traverse both ovens before discharging into thecarbureters and regenerators, said ovens having perforated hearths andoil and air passages above and steam and air passages below saidhearths.

7 In gas-making apparatus, a pair of ovens connected by a relativelylarge passage at one end, carbureters and regenerators intermediate ofsaid ovens and connected with the latter at the opposite end, and meansfor heat parallel connected ovens, associated carbureters andregenerators, hearths in said ovens, means for admitting oil 'fromopposite ends above said hearths, and means for admitting air at thesides of the ovens and transverse to the direction of the entering oil.

10. In gas-making apparatus, a plurality of parallel connected ovens,associated carbureters and regenerators, perforated hearths in saidovens, means for admitting oil from opposite ends above said hearths,means for admitting air at the sides of the ovens and transverse to thedirection of the entering oil, and means for admitting air from oppositeends beneath said hearths.

11. In gas-making apparatus, a plurality of parallel connected ovens,associated carbureters and regenerators, said ovens connected at oneend, means for spraying oil into said ovens at opposite ends, and meansfor admiting air at a plurality of points along the sides of said ovens.

12. In gas-making apparatus, a plurality of parallel connected ovens,associated carbureters and regenerators, said ovens connected at oneend, means for spraying oil into said ovens at opposite ends, means foradmitting air at a plurality of points along the sides of said ovens,perforated hearths in said ovens and a removable perforated hearth-plateextending over the hearth-surface.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing Witnesses.

JOHN G. H. STUT. Witnesses:

' WARREN DIBBLE,

G. M. Doeen'r'r.

